Electoral Calendar and Outcomes
The Electoral Calendar and Outcomes (ECO) table provides information on direct popular elections of presidents and legislatures in the 20 Latin American countries that the SIGLA database will eventually include. This resource allows researchers to explore and compare aspects of recent elections across those countries.
By clicking on the plus sign next to each country-election row, users can view the Date of Most Recent Election and the Result of Most Recent Election of that particular type. Users can find an overview of the relevant Electoral Process that governed each election, metrics of Electoral Integrity published annually by Freedom House and V-Dem, and information on the Date of Next Election of that type.
Users interested in knowing when the most recent presidential elections in these countries occurred can consult SIGLA’s Presidential Election Calendar.
| Country - Election | Date of Most Recent Election | Official Result of Most Recent Election | Electoral Process for Most Recent Election | Electoral Integrity | Date of Next Election | Link to Past Electoral Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina - President | 1st Round: 22 October 2023 [1] 2nd Round: 19 November 2023 [1] [1] Dirección Nacional Electoral (Internet Archive - 28 April 2024), "Cronograma electoral elecciones nacionales 2023," https://web.archive.org/web/20240428181715/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/dine/cronograma-electoral-elecciones-nacionales-2023 | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Sergio Tomás Massa — Union for the Homeland (Unión por la Patria) [COALITION], Javier Gerardo Milei — Liberty Advances (La Libertad Avanza) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultados.gob.ar/resultados/2023/2/1/0 2nd Round: Elected: Javier Gerardo Milei — Liberty Advances (La Libertad Avanza) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultados.gob.ar/resultados/2023/3/1/0 | According to Article 148 of the National Electoral Code [1], Argentina's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. According to Article 149, in the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 45% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. The same applies if the 1st place candidate obtains more than 40% of the valid votes while outperforming the 2nd place candidate by more than 10% of the total valid votes. [1] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Argentina," https://freedomhouse.org/country/argentina/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 90 of the Constitution (1853) [1] and Article 53 of the National Electoral Code [2], presidential elections are held on the 4th Sunday of October every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 24 October 2027. [1] Constitute Project, "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994 [2] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | -- |
| Argentina - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 22 October 2023 [1] [1] Dirección Nacional Electoral (Internet Archive - 28 April 2024), "Cronograma electoral elecciones nacionales 2023," https://web.archive.org/web/20240428181715/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/dine/cronograma-electoral-elecciones-nacionales-2023 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in provinces can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultados.gob.ar/categorias/2023/2/3 | According to Articles 158 and 161 of the National Electoral Code [1], members of Argentina's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Argentina," https://freedomhouse.org/country/argentina/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 50 of the Constitution (1853) [1] and Article 53 of the National Electoral Code [2], legislative elections are held on the 4th Sunday of October every 2 years. The next election is expected to take place on 26 October 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994 [2] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | -- |
| Argentina - Senate [Upper House] | 22 October 2023 [1] [1] Dirección Nacional Electoral (Internet Archive - 28 April 2024), "Cronograma electoral elecciones nacionales 2023," https://web.archive.org/web/20240428181715/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/dine/cronograma-electoral-elecciones-nacionales-2023 | Plurality Elections in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in provinces can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultados.gob.ar/categorias/2023/2/2 | According to Article 54 of the Constitution (1853) [1] and Article 157 of the National Electoral Code [2], members of Argentina's Senate are elected by plurality in the provinces and Buenos Aires, where 2 senators are elected from the party obtaining the most number of votes and 1 senator is elected from the party obtaining the second most number of votes. [1] Constitute Project, "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994 [2] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Argentina," https://freedomhouse.org/country/argentina/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 56 of the Constitution (1853) [1] and Article 53 of the National Electoral Code [2], legislative elections are held on the 4th Sunday of October every 2 years. The next election is expected to take place on 26 October 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994 [2] Gobierno de Argentina, "Código Electoral Nacional," https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-19945-19442 | -- |
| Bolivia - President | 1st Round: 18 October 2020 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 52 of the Law of Electoral Regime [2], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. * This election took place outside of the country's regular electoral schedule, according to the Law of Transitory and Exceptional Regime for the Realization of General Elections [3]. [1] Órgano Electoral Plurinacional, "Elecciones Generales 2020: CALENDARIO ELECTORAL," https://www.oep.org.bo/elecciones-generales-2020/ [2] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley del Régimen Electoral," https://diputados.gob.bo/wp-content/uploads/Leyes/Ley_N_0026.pdf [3] Sistema de Información Legal del Estado Plurinacional, "LEY DE RÉGIMEN EXCEPCIONAL Y TRANSITORIO PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE ELECCIONES GENERALES," http://www.silep.gob.bo/norma/15796/ley_actualizada | 1st Round: Elected: Luis Alberto Arce Catacora — Movement towards Socialism - Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the People (Movimiento al Socialismo-Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data below: -- Publication of Results: https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Separata_Resultados_EG_2020.pdf -- Tally of Votes: https://computo2020.oep.org.bo/ 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 52 of the Law of Electoral Regime [1], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley del Régimen Electoral," https://diputados.gob.bo/wp-content/uploads/Leyes/Ley_N_0026.pdf | According to Article 166 of the Constitution (2009) [1], Bolivia's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. The same applies if the 1st place candidate obtains more than 40% of the valid votes while outperforming the 2nd place candidate by more than 10% of the total valid votes. [1] Ministerio de Educación, "Constitución Política del Estado," https://www.minedu.gob.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1525:constitucion-politica-del-estado&catid=233&Itemid=933 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.55 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Bolivia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/bolivia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 167 of the Constitution (2009) [1], presidential elections are held every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de) 2009," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bolivia_2009?lang=es | -- |
| Bolivia - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 18 October 2020 [1] * This election took place outside of the country's regular electoral schedule according to the Law of Transitory and Exceptional Regime for the Realization of General Elections [2]. [1] Órgano Electoral Plurinacional, "Elecciones Generales 2020: CALENDARIO ELECTORAL," https://www.oep.org.bo/elecciones-generales-2020/ [2] Cámara de Diputados, "LEY DE RÉGIMEN EXCEPCIONAL Y TRANSITORIO PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE ELECCIONES GENERALES," http://www.gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo/edicions/view/1217NEC | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Movement for Socialism–Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (Movimiento al Socialismo–Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos) [COALITION]: 3,394,052 votes (55.11% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Civic Community (Comunidad Ciudadana) [COALITION]: 1,775,953 votes (28.83% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: We Believe (Creemos) [COALITION]: 862,186 votes (14.00% of valid votes) Plurality Elections in Single-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in single-member district elections can be accessed via the "Tally of Votes" linked below. See Electoral Authority data below: -- Publication of Results: https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Separata_Resultados_EG_2020.pdf -- Tally of Votes: https://computo2020.oep.org.bo/ | According to Article 57 of the Law of Electoral Regime [1], elections for Bolivia's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) involve 2 methods of voting. Seventy members are elected by plurality in single-member districts, including 7 indigenous districts. The remaining 53 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley del Régimen Electoral," https://diputados.gob.bo/wp-content/uploads/Leyes/Ley_N_0026.pdf | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.55 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Bolivia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/bolivia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 156 of the Constitution (2009) [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de) 2009," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bolivia_2009?lang=es | -- |
| Bolivia - Senate [Upper House] | 18 October 2020 [1] * This election took place outside of the country's regular electoral schedule according to the Law of Transitory and Exceptional Regime for the Realization of General Elections [2]. [1] Órgano Electoral Plurinacional, "Elecciones Generales 2020: CALENDARIO ELECTORAL," https://www.oep.org.bo/elecciones-generales-2020/ [2] Cámara de Diputados, "LEY DE RÉGIMEN EXCEPCIONAL Y TRANSITORIO PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE ELECCIONES GENERALES," http://www.gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo/edicions/view/1217NEC | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Movement for Socialism–Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (Movimiento al Socialismo–Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos) [COALITION]: 3,394,052 votes (55.11% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Civic Community (Comunidad Ciudadana) [COALITION]: 1,775,953 votes (28.83% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: We Believe (Creemos) [COALITION]: 862,186 votes (14.00% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data below: -- Publication of Results: https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Separata_Resultados_EG_2020.pdf | According to Article 55 of the Law of Electoral Regime [1], members of Bolivia's Senate are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley del Régimen Electoral," https://diputados.gob.bo/wp-content/uploads/Leyes/Ley_N_0026.pdf | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.55 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Bolivia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/bolivia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 156 of the Constitution (2009) [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de) 2009," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bolivia_2009?lang=es | -- |
| Brazil - President | 1st Round: 2 October 2022 [1] 2nd Round: 30 October 2022 [1] [1] Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, "Confira as principais datas do calendário eleitoral de 2022," https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Janeiro/confira-as-principais-datas-do-calendario-eleitoral-de-2022 | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva — Worker's Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores), Jair Messias Bolsonaro — Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) See Electoral Authority data here: https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/seai/r/sig-eleicao-resultados/resultado-da-elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o?session=204487805368859 2nd Round: Elected: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva — Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) See Electoral Authority data here: https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/seai/r/sig-eleicao-resultados/resultado-da-elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o?p0_turno=2&session=207772874021918 | According to Article 2 of Law 9,504 of 1997 [1], Brazil's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains an absolute majority of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Planalto, "LEI Nº 9.504, DE 30 DE SETEMBRO DE 1997," http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9504.htm | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.47 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Brazil," https://freedomhouse.org/country/brazil/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 29 of the Constitution (1988) [1], presidential elections are held on the 1st Sunday of October every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 4 October 2026. [1] Constitute Project, "Brazil 1988 (rev. 2017)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Brazil_2017?lang=en | -- |
| Brazil - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 2 October 2022 [1] [1] Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, "Confira as principais datas do calendário eleitoral de 2022," https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Janeiro/confira-as-principais-datas-do-calendario-eleitoral-de-2022 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Liberal Party (Partido Liberal): 18,200,300 votes (16.62% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Worker's Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores): 13,236,698 votes (12.10% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Brazil Union (União Brasil): 10,198,288 votes (9.32% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/r/seai/sig-eleicao-resultados/partidos?p0_cargo=Deputado%20Federal&session=306905369083941 | According to Article 45 of the Constitution (1988) [1] and Article 108 of Law 4,737 of 1965 [2], members of Brazil's Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados) are elected through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Constitute Project, "Brazil 1988 (rev. 2017)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Brazil_2017?lang=en [2] Planalto, "LEI Nº 4.737, DE 15 DE JULHO DE 1965," http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l4737compilado.htm | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.47 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Brazil," https://freedomhouse.org/country/brazil/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 1 of Law 9,504 of 1997 [1], legislative elections are held on the 1st Sunday of October every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 4 October 2026. [1] Planalto, "LEI Nº 9.504, DE 30 DE SETEMBRO DE 1997," https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9504.htm | -- |
| Brazil - Senate [Upper House] | 2 October 2022 [1] [1] Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, "Confira as principais datas do calendário eleitoral de 2022," https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Janeiro/confira-as-principais-datas-do-calendario-eleitoral-de-2022 | Plurality Elections in Single- or Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Liberal Party (Partido Liberal): 24,985,276 votes (25.28% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Brasileiro): 13,615,846 votes (13.78% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores): 12,024,696 votes (12.17% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/seai/r/sig-eleicao-resultados/home-partidos-e-federa%C3%A7%C3%B5es?p0_cargo=Senador&session=209568295781626 | According to Article 46 of the Constitution (1988) [1] and Article 83 of Law 4,737 of 1965 [2], members of Brazil's Senate are elected by plurality in single or multi-member districts depending on the number of seats being renewed. Senate elections alternate between renewing 1 senator per district and 2 senators per district every 4 years. [1] Constitute Project, "Brazil 1988 (rev. 2017)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Brazil_2017?lang=en [2] Planalto, "LEI Nº 4.737, DE 15 DE JULHO DE 1965," http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l4737compilado.htm | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.47 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Brazil," https://freedomhouse.org/country/brazil/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 1 of Law 9,504 of 1997 [1], legislative elections are held on the 1st Sunday of October every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 4 October 2026. [1] Planalto, "LEI Nº 9.504, DE 30 DE SETEMBRO DE 1997," https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9504.htm | -- |
| Chile - President | 1st Round: 21 November 2021 [1] 2nd Round: 19 December 2021 [1] [1] Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, "Elecciones presidenciales de 2021," https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/elecciones/detalle_eleccion?handle=10221.1/87447&periodo=1990-2022 | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: José Antonio Kast Rist — Christian Social Front (Frente Social Cristiano) [COALITION], Gabriel Boric Font — Approve Dignity (Apruebo Dignidad) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data here, accessible by clicking on "2021: Presidenciales primera votación": https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/resultados-electorales-historicos-gw3/ 2nd Round: Elected: Gabriel Boric Font — Approve Dignity (Apruebo Dignidad) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data here; accessible by clicking on "2021; Presidenciales segunda votacion": https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/resultados-electorales-historicos-gw3/ | According to Article 26 of the Constitution (1980) [1], Chile's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Chile 1980 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chile_2021?lang=en | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.87 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Chile," https://freedomhouse.org/country/chile/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 26 of the Constitution (1980) [1], presidential elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of November every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 16 November 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Chile 1980 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chile_2021?lang=en | -- |
| Chile - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 21 November 2021 [1] [1] Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, "Elecciones presidenciales de 2021," https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/elecciones/detalle_eleccion?handle=10221.1/87447&periodo=1990-2022 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Chile We Can Do More (Chile Podemos +) [COALITION]: 1,610,052 votes (25.44% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Approve Dgnidad (Apruebo Dignidad) [COALITION]: 1,326,920 votes (20.97% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: New Social Pact (Nuevo Pacto Social) [COALITION]: 1,086,624 votes (17.17% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here; accessible by clicking on "2021: Diputados": https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/resultados-electorales-historicos-gw3/ | According to Article 109 bis of Law 18,700 [1], members of Chile's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) are elected through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, "LEY 18700," https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1108229 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.87 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Chile," https://freedomhouse.org/country/chile/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 26 of the Constitution (1980) [1], legislative elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of November every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 16 November 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Chile 1980 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chile_2021?lang=en | -- |
| Chile - Senate [Upper House] | 21 November 2021 [1] [1] Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, "Elecciones presidenciales de 2021," https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/elecciones/detalle_eleccion?handle=10221.1/87447&periodo=1990-2022 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Chile We Can Do More (Chile Podemos +) [COALITION]: 1,298,341 votes (27.87% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Approve Dgnidad (Apruebo Dignidad) [COALITION]: 912,370 votes (19.59% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: New Social Pact (Nuevo Pacto Social) [COALITION]: 726,816 votes (15.60% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here; accessible by clicking on "2021: Senadores": https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/resultados-electorales-historicos-gw3/ | According to Article 109 bis of Law 18,700 [1], members of Chile's Senate are elected through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, "LEY 18700," https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1108229 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.87 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Chile," https://freedomhouse.org/country/chile/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 26 of the Constitution (1980) [1], legislative elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of November every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 16 November 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Chile 1980 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chile_2021?lang=en | -- |
| Colombia - President | 1st Round: 29 May 2022 [1] 2nd Round: 19 June 2022 [2] [1] Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil, "Resolución No. 4371," https://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/20210922_calendario-electoral-presidente-2022.pdf [2] Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil, "Resolución No. 14746," https://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/20220603_resolucion-14746_2022.pdf | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Gustavo Petro — Historic Pact for Colombia (Pacto Histórico por Colombia) [COALITION], Rodolfo Hernández — League of Anti-Corruption Governors (Liga de Gobernantes Anticorrupción) See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultadosprecpresidente1v.registraduria.gov.co/presidente/0/colombia 2nd Round: Elected: Gustavo Petro — Historic Pact for Colombia (Pacto Histórico por Colombia) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data here: https://web.archive.org/web/20221020095745/https://resultados.registraduria.gov.co/presidente/0/colombia | According to Article 190 of the Constitution (1991) [1], Colombia's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.7 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Colombia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/colombia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 207 of Decree 2241 of 1986 [1] and Article 190 of the Constitution (1991) [2], presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of May every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 31 May 2026. [1] Función Pública, "Decreto 2241 de 1986," https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=9029 [2] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 | -- |
| Colombia - Chamber of Representatives [Lower House] | 13 March 2022 [1] (National Registry of Civil Status) (Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil) [1] Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil (Internet Archive - 30 July 2022), "Calendario Electoral Congreso 2022," https://web.archive.org/web/20220730005406/https://www.registraduria.gov.co/-Elecciones-congreso-2022-4656-.html | Elections through a Proportional Representation System by Territorial Constituencies -- 1st place: Historic Pact for Colombia (Pacto Histórico por Colombia) [COALITION]: 2,992,409 votes (17.62% of total votes) -- 2nd place: Colombian Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Colombiano): 2,335,426 votes (14.08% of total votes) -- 3rd place: Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano): 2,068,076 votes (12.47% of total votes) Election through a Proportional Representation System by Afro-Colombian Constituency -- 1st place: "Palenque de la Vereda las Trecientas y del Municipio de Gaslapa": 66,474 votes (14.12% of total votes) -- 2nd place: "Fernando Ríos Hidalgo": 40,049 votes (8.30% of total votes) -- 3rd place: "Consejo Comunitario de la Comunidad Negra Limones": 39,924 votes (8.45% of total votes) Plurality Election by Indigenous Constituency -- 1st place: Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement (Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social): 84.637 votes (42.26% of total votes) -- 2nd place: Movement of Indigenous Authorities of Colombia (Movimiento Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia: 27,089 votes (13.52% of total votes) -- 3rd place: Colombian Indigenous Party (Partido Indígena Colombiano): 18,828 votes (9.40% of total votes) Special Transitory Seats for Peace (Circunscripciones Transitorias Especiales de Paz) -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here. For elections by territorial constituencies, see page 91. For elections by Afro-Colombian constituencies, see page 117. For elections by indigenous constituencies, see page 113. For elections by Special Transitory Seats for Peace, see page 111: https://www.moe.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022.11.09-LIBRO-RESULTADOS-ELECTORALES-CONGRESO-2022.pdf#page=84 | According to Articles 176, 262, and 263 of the Constitution (1991) [1], elections for Colombia's Chamber of Representatives (Cámara de Representantes) involve 3 methods of voting. At least 2 members per territorial constituency, with one additional member for each 365,000 inhabitants of a constituency or 182,500 over the first 365,000, are elected through a proportional representation system. Two members are elected through a proportional representation system by a special Afro-Colombian constituency, and 1 member is elected by plurality by a special indigenous constituency. In elections by proportional representation, parties can choose to have an open or closed list. According to Article 1 and 6 of Legislative Act 2 of 2021, for the 2022 and 2026 elections, there will be a 4th method of election corresponding to 16 Special Transitory Seats for Peace (Circunscripciones Transitorias Especiales de Paz). Members are elected to these seats through plurality elections by special constituencies. [1] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 [2] Función Pública, "Acto Legislativo 02 de 2021 Congreso de la República," https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=170296 | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.7 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Colombia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/colombia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 207 of Decree 2241 of 1986 [1] and Article 132 of the Constitution (1991) [2], legislative elections are held on the 2nd Sunday of March every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 8 March 2026. [1] Función Pública, "Decreto 2241 de 1986," https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=9029 [2] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 | -- |
| Colombia - Senate [Upper House] | 13 March 2022 [1] [1] Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil (Internet Archive - 30 July 2022), "Calendario Electoral Congreso 2022," https://web.archive.org/web/20220730005406/https://www.registraduria.gov.co/-Elecciones-congreso-2022-4656-.html | Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Historic Pact for Colombia (Pacto Histórico por Colombia) [COALITION]: 2,880,254 votes (16.95% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano): 2,238,678 votes (13.18% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Colombian Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Colombiano): 2,112,528 votes (12.43% of valid votes) Election through a Proportional Representation System by Indigenous Constituency -- 1st place: Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement (Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social): 89,199 votes (30.40% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Movement of Indigenous Authorities of Colombia (Movimiento Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia: 63,373 votes (21.60% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Colombian Indigenous Party (Partido Indígena Colombiano): 28,312 votes (9.65% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here; accessible by clicking on "Resolución No. E-3332 de 2022": https://www.cne.gov.co/elecciones/elecciones-2022/elecciones-congreso-2022 | According to Articles 171 and 263 of the Constitution (1991) [1], elections for Colombia's Senate involve 2 methods of voting. One hundred members are elected through a system of proportional representation in a national constituency, and 2 members are elected through a system of proportional representation by a special indigenous constituency. In elections by proportional representation, parties can choose to have an open or closed list. [1] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.7 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Colombia," https://freedomhouse.org/country/colombia/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 207 of Decree 2241 of 1986 [1] and Article 132 of the Constitution (1991) [2], legislative elections are held on the 2nd Sunday of March every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 8 March 2026. [1] Función Pública, "Decreto 2241 de 1986," https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=9029 [2] Constitute Project, "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 | -- |
| Costa Rica - President | 1st Round: 6 February 2022 [1] 2nd Round: 3 April 2022 [1] [1] Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, "N.° 1221-E11-2022," https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/1221-E11-2022.html | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: José María Figueres Olsen — National Liberation Party (Partido Liberación Nacional), Rodrigo Chaves Roblez — Social Democratic Progress Party (Partido Progreso Social Democrático) See Electoral Authority data here: https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/1221-E11-2022.html 2nd Round: Elected: Rodrigo Chaves Roblez — Social Democratic Progress Party (Progreso Social Democrático) See Electoral Authority data Here: https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/electorales/2424-E11-2022.html | According to Article 138 of the Constitution (1949) [1], Costa Rica's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 40% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_2011 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.82 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Costa Rica," https://freedomhouse.org/country/costa-rica/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 133 of the Constitution (1949) [1], presidential elections are held on the 1st Sunday of February every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 1 February 2026. [1] Constitute Project, "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_2011 | -- |
| Costa Rica - Legislative Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 6 February 2022 [1] [1] Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, "N.º 1555-E11-2022," https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/1555-E11-2022.html | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: National Liberation Party (Partido Liberación Nacional): 515,231 votes (24.82% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Social Democratic Progress Party (Partido Progreso Social Democrático): 312,120 votes (15.04% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Christian Social Unity Party (Partido Unidad Social Cristiana): 236,941 votes (11.41% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/1555-E11-2022.html | According to Articles 201 and 205 of the Electoral Code [1], members of Costa Rica's Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa) are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/codigoelectoral.pdf | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.82 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Costa Rica," https://freedomhouse.org/country/costa-rica/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 150 of the Electoral Act, legislative elections are held on the 1st Sunday of February every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 1 February 2026. [1] Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, "ELECTORAL ACT," https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/electoralact.pdf | -- |
| Cuba - President | Not applicable: according to Article 126 of the Constitution (2019) [1] (Constitución de la República de Cuba), Cuba's president is elected by the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) rather than through direct election. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | Not applicable: according to Article 126 of the Constitution (2019) [1] (Constitución de la República de Cuba), Cuba's president is elected by the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) rather than through direct election. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | Not applicable: according to Article 126 of the Constitution (2019) [1] (Constitución de la República de Cuba), Cuba's president is elected by the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) rather than through direct election. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | Not applicable: according to Article 126 of the Constitution (2019) [1] (Constitución de la República de Cuba), Cuba's president is elected by the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) rather than through direct election. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | Not applicable: according to Article 126 of the Constitution (2019) [1] (Constitución de la República de Cuba), Cuba's president is elected by the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) rather than through direct election. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | -- |
| Cuba - National Assembly of People's Power [Unicameral Legislature] | 26 March 2023 [1] [1] Consejo Electoral Nacional (Internet Archive - 16 June, 2023), "Cronograma," https://web.archive.org/web/20230616200740/https://www.eleccionesencuba.cu/process/schedule | 1st place: Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba): 5,565,640 votes (100.00% of valid votes) -- Votes for full-list of candidates: 4,012,864 votes (72.10% of valid votes) -- Vote for individual candidates: 1,552,776 votes (27.90% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://web.archive.org/web/20230716190048/https://www.eleccionesencuba.cu/process/results * According to Article 208 of the Electoral Law [1], candidates are elected if they receive more than 50% of the valid votes cast in their district. This implies that blank votes are included in valid votes. However, the announcement of electoral results by the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral) counted blank tickets ("boletas en blanco") and valid tickets ("boletas válidas") separately, so only votes for candidates are included when calculating the percentages for the 1st and 2nd place results above. In the 2023 election, voters cast a total of 383,316 blank votes. [1] Portal del Ciudadano, "Ley Electoral," https://www.lahabana.gob.cu/post_detalles/es/10262/ley-electoral | According to Title 8, Chapter 2 of the Electoral Law [1], to elect members of Cuba's National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular), voters can vote for candidates on a predetermined list of candidates, equal in number to the number of open seats, compiled by mass organizations, finalized by the National Candidature Commission (Comisión de Candidaturas Nacional), and approved by municipal assemblies. Voters can cast a ballot for individual pre-approved candidates, vote for the entire list of candidates or cast a blank vote. [1] Portal del Ciudadano, "Ley Electoral," https://www.lahabana.gob.cu/post_detalles/es/10262/ley-electoral | Freedom House [1]: 0 V-Dem [2]: 0.53 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Cuba," https://freedomhouse.org/country/cuba/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 105 of the Constitution (2019) [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2028. [1] Constitute Project, "Cuba 2019," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en | -- |
| Dominican Republic - President | 1st Round: 19 May 2024 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [2], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. [1] Junta Central Electoral, "Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual," https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ [2] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | 1st Round: Elected: Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona — Modern Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Moderno) See Electoral Authority data here: https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [1], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. [1] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | According to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [1], the Dominican Republic's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [1], presidential elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of May every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 21 May 2024. [1] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-dominican-republic/ |
| Dominican Republic - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 19 May 2024 [1] [1] Junta Central Electoral, "Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual," https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ | Elections through a Proportional Representation System by Domestic Constituencies -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in district elections can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. Elections through a Proportional Representation System by Overseas Constituencies -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in district elections can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. See Electoral Authority data here; select "Resultados Diputados" for domestic constituencies and "Resultados Exterior" for overseas constituencies: https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ | According to Article 81 of the Constitution (2015) [1] and Articles 266 and 268 of the Organic Law of Electoral Regime [2], elections for the Dominican Republic's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) involve 3 methods of voting. Domestically, 183 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system: 178 of them are elected in multi-member districts and the remaining 5 are elected on the national level based on the accumulation of parties' votes received in all the districts. In overseas districts, 7 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system. [1] Constitute Project, "Dominican Republic 2015," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominican_Republic_2015?lang=en [2] Observatorio de Justicia y Género, "Ley núm. 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral," https://observatoriojusticiaygenero.poderjudicial.gob.do/documentos/PDF/normativas/NOR_Ley_20_23_organica_Regimen_Electoral.pdf | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [1], legislative elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of May every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 21 May 2024. [1] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-dominican-republic/ |
| Dominican Republic - Senate [Upper House] | 19 May 2024 [1] [1] Junta Central Electoral, "Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual," https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ | Plurality Elections in Single-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in district elections can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. See Electoral Authority data below: -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in district elections can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/ | According to Article 266 of the Organic Law of Electoral Regime [1], members of the Dominican Republic's Senate are elected by plurality in single-member districts. [1] Observatorio de Justicia y Género, "Ley núm. 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral," https://observatoriojusticiaygenero.poderjudicial.gob.do/documentos/PDF/normativas/NOR_Ley_20_23_organica_Regimen_Electoral.pdf | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 209 of the Constitution (2015) [1], legislative elections are held on the 3rd Sunday of May every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 21 May 2024. [1] Tribunal Constitucional, "Constitución de la República Dominicana," https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/transparencia/base-legal-de-la-instituci%C3%B3n/constituci%C3%B3n-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-dominicana/ | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-dominican-republic/ |
| Ecuador - President | 1st Round: 20 August 2023 [1] 2nd Round: 15 October 2023 [2] * Outside regular electoral schedule [1] [1] Tribunal Contencioso Electoral, "LA FUNCIÓN ELECTORAL INAUGURÓ LA JORNADA DE ELECCIONES ANTICIPADAS 2023," https://www.tce.gob.ec/index.php/2023/08/20/la-funcion-electoral-inauguro-la-jornada-de-elecciones-anticipadas-2023/ [2] Tribunal Contencioso Electoral, "El Pleno del Tribunal Contencioso Electoral participó en el acto inaugural para la segunda vuelta de las elecciones anticipadas 2023," https://www.tce.gob.ec/index.php/2023/10/15/el-pleno-del-tribunal-contencioso-electoral-participo-en-el-acto-inaugural-para-la-segunda-vuelta-de-las-elecciones-anticipadas-2023/ | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Luisa González — Citizen Revolution Political Movement (Movimiento Político Revolución Ciudadana), Daniel Noboa Azin — National Democratic Action (Acción Democrática Nacional) See Electoral Authority data here; select "PRESIDENTA/E Y VICEPRESIDENTA/E" to access the result of 1st round of the presidential election: https://app01.cne.gob.ec/resultados2023_anticipadas 2nd Round: Elected: Daniel Noboa Azin — National Democratic Action (Acción Democrática Nacional) See Electoral Authority data here: https://app01.cne.gob.ec/resultados2023_anticipadassv | According to Article 143 of the Constitution (2008) [1], Ecuador's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. The same applies if the 1st place candidate obtains more than 40% of the valid votes while outperforming the 2nd place candidate by more than 10% of the total valid votes. [1] Constitute Project, "Ecuador 2008 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ecuador_2021 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.49 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Ecuador," https://freedomhouse.org/country/ecuador/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | 9 February 2025 [1] [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "Elecciones Generales 2025: Calendario Elecciones 2025," https://www.cne.gob.ec/elecciones-generales-2025/ | -- |
| Ecuador - National Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 20 August 2023 [1] * Outside regular electoral schedule [1] [1] Tribunal Contencioso Electoral, "LA FUNCIÓN ELECTORAL INAUGURÓ LA JORNADA DE ELECCIONES ANTICIPADAS 2023," https://www.tce.gob.ec/index.php/2023/08/20/la-funcion-electoral-inauguro-la-jornada-de-elecciones-anticipadas-2023/ | Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Citizen Revolution Political Movement (Movimiento Político Revolución Ciudadana): 3,326,110 (39.72% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: "Construye" Movement (Movimiento Construye): 1,707,682 (20.39% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: National Democratic Action (Acción Democrática Nacional): 1,219,254 (14.56% of valid votes) Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in district elections can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. Elections in Overseas Districts -- Aggregate results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in overseas constituencies can be accessed via the Electoral Authority data below. See Electoral Authority data here; select "ASAMBLEÍSTAS NACIONALES" to access the results of elections by national constituency and "ASAMBLEÍSTAS PROVINCIALES/EXTERIORES" to access the results of elections in domestic and overseas districts: https://app01.cne.gob.ec/resultados2023_anticipadas | According to Articles 120 and 150 of the Organic Electoral Law [1], elections for Ecuador's National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) involve 3 methods of voting. Fifteen members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system by a single national constituency. At least 2 members per territorial constituency, with one additional member for each 200,000 inhabitants of a district, are elected through a proportional representation system. The remaining 6 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in overseas districts. [1] Consejo Nacional para la Igualdad de Género, "LEY ORGANICA ELECTORAL, CODIGO DE LA DEMOCRACIA," https://www.igualdadgenero.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Ley-Org%C3%A1nica-Electoral-C%C3%B3digo-de-la-Democracia.pdf | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.49 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Ecuador," https://freedomhouse.org/country/ecuador/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | 9 February 2025 [1] [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "Elecciones Generales 2025: Calendario Elecciones 2025," https://www.cne.gob.ec/elecciones-generales-2025/ | -- |
| El Salvador - President | 1st Round: 4 February 2024 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 80 of the Constitution (1983) [2], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. [1] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "CALENDARIO ELECTORAL 2024," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/99z8eo7nwr4cbts7lill8/El-Salvador_Calendario-Electoral_2024_20240808.pdf?rlkey=uqd1htqglzln85auo7k7g6tjj&e=1&st=qgmh2jyc&unfurl=slack_gen&dl=0 [2] Asamblea Legislativa, "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf | 1st Round: Elected: Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez — New Ideas (Nuevas Ideas) See Electoral Authority data here: https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Bukele-gano-con-2.6-millones-de-votos-validos-20240208-0086.html 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 80 of the Constitution (1983) [1], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. [1] Asamblea Legislativa, "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf * The electoral results linked above are articles from a local news organization, which compiled electoral results announced by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo Electoral) | According to Article 80 of the Constitution (1983) [1], El Salvador's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Asamblea Legislativa, "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 154 of the Constitution (1983) [1], presidential elections are held every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2029. [1] Asamblea Legislativa, "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-el-salvador/ |
| El Salvador - National Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 4 February 2024 [1] [1] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "CALENDARIO ELECTORAL 2024," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/99z8eo7nwr4cbts7lill8/El-Salvador_Calendario-Electoral_2024_20240808.pdf?rlkey=uqd1htqglzln85auo7k7g6tjj&e=1&st=qgmh2jyc&unfurl=slack_gen&dl=0 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in provinces can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/TSE-concluye-escrutinio-de-13-departamentos-pero-sigue-sin-hacer-publicos-resultados-20240216-0065.html * The electoral results linked above are published by a national newspaper, which synthesized the results page of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo Electoral). | According to Article 79 of the Constitution (1983) [1] and Article 185 of the Electoral Code [2] (Código Electoral), members of El Salvador's National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) are elected through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Asamblea Legislativa (Internet Archive - 9 January 2024), "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://web.archive.org/web/20240109232630/https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf [2] Tribunal Supremo Electoral (Internet Archive - 5 February 2024), "Código Electoral de El Salvador," https://web.archive.org/web/20240205103505/http://info2024.tse.gob.sv/laip_tse/documentos/leyes/codigo-electoral/Codigo-Electoral-30-04-2021.pdf | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 124 of the Constitution (1983) [1], legislative elections are held every 3 years. The next election is expected to take place in 2027. [1] Asamblea Legislativa, "CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR," https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-el-salvador/ |
| Guatemala - President | 1st Round: 25 June 2023 [1] 2nd Round: 20 August 2023 [2] [1] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "TSE declara validez de las elecciones del 25 de junio y convoca a segunda vuelta," https://www.tse.org.gt/index.php/comunicacion/noticias/880-tse-declara-validez-de-las-elecciones-del-25-de-junio-y-convoca-a-segunda-vuelta [2] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "Resultados Electorales Preliminares 2023," https://segundaeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc1/ENT | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Sandra Julieta Torres Casanova — National Unity of Hope (Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza), César Bernardo Arévalo de León — Seed Movement (Movimiento Semilla) See Electoral Authority data here: https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc1/ENT 2nd Round: Elected: César Bernardo Arévalo de León — Seed Movement (Movimiento Semilla) See Electoral Authority data here: https://segundaeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc1/ENT | According to Article 184 of the Constitution (1985) [1], Guatemala's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993 | Freedom House [1]: 2 V-Dem [2]: 2.69 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Guatemala," https://freedomhouse.org/country/guatemala/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 184 of the Constitution (1985) [1] and Article 196 of the Electoral and Political Parties Law [2], presidential elections are held every 4 years in June. The next election is expected to take place in June of 2027. [1] Constitute Project, "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993 [2] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos," https://tse.org.gt/images/UECFFPP/leyes/lepp.pdf | -- |
| Guatemala - Congress [Unicameral Legislature] | 25 June 2023 [1] [1] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "TSE declara validez de las elecciones del 25 de junio y convoca a segunda vuelta," https://www.tse.org.gt/index.php/comunicacion/noticias/880-tse-declara-validez-de-las-elecciones-del-25-de-junio-y-convoca-a-segunda-vuelta | Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Let's Go for a Different Guatemala (Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente): 628,126 votes (11.33% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: National Unity for Hope (Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza): 538,018 votes (9.70% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Seed Movement (Movimiento Semilla): 488,692 votes (8.81% of valid votes) Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in multi-member district elections can be accessed via the "Tally of Votes: Department-Level Proportional Representation Election" linked below. See Electoral Authority data below; note that the tallies do not sum to 100% of the vote despite being the most up-to-date official figures. -- Tally of Votes: National Proportional Representation Election: https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc2/ENT -- Tally of Votes: Department-Level Proportional Representation Election: https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc3/DIV/e0 | According to Articles 203 and 205 of the Electoral and Political Parties Law [1], elections for Guatemala's Congress involve 2 methods of voting. Thirty-two members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system by a single national constituency. The remaining 128 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts corresponding to the departments. [1] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos," https://tse.org.gt/images/UECFFPP/leyes/lepp.pdf | Freedom House [1]: 2 V-Dem [2]: 2.69 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Guatemala," https://freedomhouse.org/country/guatemala/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 184 of the Constitution (1985) [1] and Article 196 of the Electoral and Political Parties Law [2], legislative elections are held every 4 years in June. The next election is expected to take place in June of 2027. [1] Constitute Project, "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993 [2] Tribunal Supremo Electoral, "Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos," https://tse.org.gt/images/UECFFPP/leyes/lepp.pdf | -- |
| Haiti - President | 1st Round: 20 November 2016 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: According to Article 134 of the Constitution (1987) [2], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. *Outside regular electoral schedule [3] [1] Conseil Électoral Provisoire, "Results / Minutes," https://web.archive.org/web/20231001224257/https://www.cephaiti.ht/resultats-pv [2] Constitute Project, "Haiti 1987 (rev. 2012)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012 [3] Haiti Libre, "FLASH: Elections postponed sine die," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-17084-haiti-flash-elections-reportees-sine-die.html | 1st Round: Elected: Jovenel Moïse Tèt Kale — Haitian "Tèt Kale" Party (Parti haïtien Tèt kale) See results here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19698-haiti-presidentielle-2016-resultats-definitifs-jovenel-moise-58e-president.html 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 134 of the Constitution (1987) [1], the election does not need a 2nd round if the 1st place candidate obtained more than 50% of the valid votes. * Haiti holds direct elections for the president (who is the head of state); according to Article 137 of the Constitution (1987), the president appoints the prime minister (who serves as head of government) and the National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) ratifies the appointment. ** The electoral results linked above are articles from a local news organization, which compiled electoral results announced by the Provisional Electoral Council (Conseil Electoral Provisoire). [1] Constitute Project, "Haiti 1987 (rev. 2012)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012 | According to Article 134 of the Constitution (1987) [1], Haiti's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election or obtains 25% more votes than the 2nd place candidate, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Haiti 1987 (rev. 2012)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012 | Freedom House [1]: 2 V-Dem [2]: 1.94 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2019: Haiti," https://freedomhouse.org/country/haiti/freedom-world/2019 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: a provisional electoral council was established by the government. The next election is expected to take place in 2026. [1] Reuters, "Haiti creates council tasked with holding first elections in a decade," https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-creates-council-hold-first-elections-since-2016-2024-09-18/ | -- |
| Haiti - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | Haiti held 1st round of elections for its Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Députés) on 9 August 2015 [1]. Elections without definitive winners moved to 2nd round while some 1st rounds were re-held; both took place on 25 October 2015 [2]. Elections that were re-held on 25 October 2015 had their 2nd round on 20 November 2016 [3]. 2nd round of the deputy election in the municipality of Roseaux took place on 29 January 2017 [4]. [1] Haiti Libre, "FLASH: Final results of the 1st round of the legislative elections of August 9, 2015," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-15281-haiti-flash-resultats-definitifs-du-1er-tour-des-legislatives-du-9-aout-2015.html [2] Haiti Libre, "FLASH : Députation, résultats des élections du 25 octobre 2015," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-15705-haiti-flash-deputation-resultats-des-elections-du-25-octobre-2015.html [3] Haiti Libre, "FLASH : Résultats des élections 1/3 sénat, législatives complémentaires...," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19427-haiti-flash-resultats-des-elections-1-3-senat-legislatives-complementaires.html [4] Conseil Électoral Provisoire, "Results / Minutes," https://web.archive.org/web/20231001224257/https://www.cephaiti.ht/resultats-pv | See disaggregated results of 1st round elections here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-15281-haiti-flash-resultats-definitifs-du-1er-tour-des-legislatives-du-9-aout-2015.html See disaggregated results of 2nd round elections and re-held 1st round elections here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-15705-haiti-flash-deputation-resultats-des-elections-du-25-octobre-2015.html See disaggregated results of 2nd rounds to re-held elections here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19427-haiti-flash-resultats-des-elections-1-3-senat-legislatives-complementaires.html * The sources linked above are articles from a local news organization, which compiled electoral results announced by the Provisional Electoral Council (Conseil Electoral Provisoire). | According to Article 90 of the Constitution (1987) [1], members of Haiti's Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés) are elected in plurality elections taking place in 2 rounds. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election or obtains 25% more votes than the 2nd place candidate, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Haiti 1987 (rev. 2012)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012 | Freedom House [1]: 1 V-Dem: 1.85 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2019: Haiti," https://freedomhouse.org/country/haiti/freedom-world/2019 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: a provisional electoral council was established by the government. The next election is expected to take place in 2026. [1] Reuters, "Haiti creates council tasked with holding first elections in a decade," https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-creates-council-hold-first-elections-since-2016-2024-09-18/ | -- |
| Haiti - Senate [Upper House] | Haiti held 1st round of elections to renew 1/3 of the Senate on 20 November 2016 [1]. Elections without definitive winners moved to 2nd round on 29 January 2017 [2]. It should be noted that 20 November 2016 also saw 2nd round of elections for a previous set of Senate elections, the 1st round of which occurred in 2015 [1]. [1] Haiti Libre, "FLASH : Résultats des élections 1/3 sénat, législatives complémentaires...," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19427-haiti-flash-resultats-des-elections-1-3-senat-legislatives-complementaires.html [2] Haiti Libre, "FLASH : Résultats préliminaires 2e tour élections 1/3 Sénat," https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19997-haiti-flash-resultats-preliminaires-2e-tour-elections-1-3-senat.html | See disaggregated results of 1st round elections here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19427-haiti-flash-resultats-des-elections-1-3-senat-legislatives-complementaires.html See disaggregated results of 2nd round elections here: https://www.haitilibre.com/article-19997-haiti-flash-resultats-preliminaires-2e-tour-elections-1-3-senat.html * The sources are articles from a local news organization, which compiled electoral results announced by the Provisional Electoral Council (Conseil Electoral Provisoire). | According to Article 94 of the Constitution (1987), members of Haiti's Senate are elected in plurality elections taking place in 2 rounds. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election or obtains 25% more votes than the 2nd place candidate, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Haiti 1987 (rev. 2012)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012 | Freedom House [1]: 1 V-Dem [2]: 1.94 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2019: Haiti," https://freedomhouse.org/country/haiti/freedom-world/2019 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: a provisional electoral council was established by the government. The next election is expected to take place in 2026. [1] Reuters, "Haiti creates council tasked with holding first elections in a decade," https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-creates-council-hold-first-elections-since-2016-2024-09-18/ | -- |
| Honduras - President | 1st Round: 28 November 2021 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 236 of the Constitution (1982) [2] (Constitución de la República de Honduras), the presidential election does not have a 2nd round. [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "Cronograma Electoral," https://www.cne.hn/biblioteca/procesos_electorales/elecciones_2021_EG/cronograma-EG-2021.html [2] Constitute Project, "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 | Elected: Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento — Liberty and Refoundation Party (Partido Libertad y Refundación) See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultadosgenerales2021.cne.hn:8080/#resultados/PRE/HN | According to Article 236 of the Constitution (1982) [1], Honduras's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Constitute Project, "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 2.91 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Honduras," https://freedomhouse.org/country/honduras/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 237 of the Constitution (1982) [1] and Article 211 of the Electoral Law [2], presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of November every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 30 November 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 [2] Tribunal Superior de Cuentas, "Ley Electoral de Honduras," https://www.tsc.gob.hn/biblioteca/index.php/leyes/1024-ley-electoral-de-honduras | -- |
| Honduras - Congress [Unicameral Legislature] | 28 November 2021 [1] [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "Cronograma Electoral," https://www.cne.hn/biblioteca/procesos_electorales/elecciones_2021_EG/cronograma-EG-2021.html | Elections in Single- or Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in provinces can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultadosgenerales2021.cne.hn:8080/#resultados/PRE/HN | According to Article 202 of the Constitution (1982) [1], members of Honduras's Congress can be elected in single- or multi-member districts, depending on the population size of departments. According to articles 77, 78, and 286 of the Electoral Law [2], members are elected by plurality in single-member districts or through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Constitute Project, "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 [2] Tribunal Superior de Cuentas, "Ley Electoral de Honduras," https://www.tsc.gob.hn/biblioteca/index.php/leyes/1024-ley-electoral-de-honduras | Freedom House [1]: 2 V-Dem [2]: 2.91 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Honduras," https://freedomhouse.org/country/honduras/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 237 of the Constitution (1982) [1] and Article 211 of the Electoral Law [2], legislative elections are held on the last Sunday of November every 4 years. The next election is expected to take place on 30 November 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 [2] Tribunal Superior de Cuentas, "Ley Electoral de Honduras," https://www.tsc.gob.hn/biblioteca/index.php/leyes/1024-ley-electoral-de-honduras | -- |
| Mexico - President | 1st Round: 2 June 2024 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 12 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures [2], the presidential election does not have a 2nd round. [1] Instituto Nacional Electoral, "Elección Federal 2024", https://ine.mx/voto-y-elecciones/elecciones-2024/eleccion-federal-2024/ [2] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgipe.htm | Elected: Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo — Together We Will Make History (Juntos Haremos Historia) [COALITION] See Electoral Authority data below: -- Result: https://computos2024.ine.mx/presidencia/nacional/candidatura -- List of Coalitions: https://ine.mx/actores-politicos/convenios-de-coalicion/ | According to Article 12 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures [1], Mexico's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgipe.htm | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 22 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures [1], presidential elections are held on the first Sunday of June every 6 years. The next election is expected to take place on 2 June 2030. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgipe.htm | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-mexico/ |
| Mexico - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 2 June 2024 [1] [1] Instituto Nacional Electoral, "Elección Federal 2024", https://ine.mx/voto-y-elecciones/elecciones-2024/eleccion-federal-2024/ | Plurality Elections in Single-Member Districts -- 1st place: Let's Keep Making History (Sigamos Haciendo Historia) [COALITION]: 27,446,014 votes (46.49% of total votes) -- 2nd place: Strength and Heart for Mexico (Fuerza y Corazón por México) [COALITION]: 17,493,425 votes (29.63% of total votes) -- 3rd place: Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano): 6,446,537 votes (10.92% of total votes) Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: National Regeneration Movement (Movimiento Regeneración Nacional): 24,286,317 votes (40.84% of total votes) -- 2nd place: National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional): 10,049,375 votes (16.90% of total votes) -- 3rd place: Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional): 6,623,796 votes (11.14% of total votes) See Electoral Authority data below: -- Result of Elections in Single-Member Districts: https://computos2024.ine.mx/diputaciones/nacional/distritos -- Result of Elections in Multi-Member Districts: https://computos2024.ine.mx/diputaciones/nacional/partido-politico-candidatura-independiente -- List of Coalitions: https://ine.mx/actores-politicos/convenios-de-coalicion/ | According to Articles 52 and 54 of the Constitution (1917) [1], elections for Mexico's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) involve 2 methods. Three hundred members are elected by plurality in single-member districts. The remaining 200 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. According to Article 87 of the General Law of Political Parties [2], parties may only form coalitions to participate in plurality elections. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/cpeum.htm [2] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Partidos Políticos," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgpp.htm | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 22 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures [1], Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) elections are held on the first Sunday of June every 3 years. The next election is expected to take place on 6 June 2027. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgipe.htm | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-mexico/ |
| Mexico - Senate [Upper House] | 2 June 2024 [1] [1] Instituto Nacional Electoral, "Elección Federal 2024", https://ine.mx/voto-y-elecciones/elecciones-2024/eleccion-federal-2024/ | Plurality Elections in Federal Entities -- 1st place: Let's Keep Making History (Sigamos Haciendo Historia) [COALITION]: 21,731,737 votes (36.59% of total votes) -- 2nd place: Strength and Heart for Mexico (Fuerza y Corazón por México) [COALITION]: 16,244,373 votes (27.35% of total votes) -- 3rd place: National Regeneration Movement (Movimiento Regeneración Nacional - MORENA): 7,526,453 votes (12.67% of total votes) Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: National Regeneration Movement (Movimiento Regeneración Nacional - MORENA): 24,484,943 votes (40.81% of total votes) -- 2nd place: National Action Party (Partido de Acción Nacional - PAN): 10,107,537 votes (16.84% of total votes) -- 3rd place: Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional - PRI): 6,530,305 votes (10.88% of total votes) See Electoral Authority data here. -- Tally of Votes for Plurality Elections: https://computos2024.ine.mx/senadurias/nacional/entidades -- Decree Finalizing Elections by Proportional Representation: https://computos2024.ine.mx/senadurias/nacional/partido-politico-candidatura-independiente | According to Article 56 of the Constitution (1917) [1], elections for Mexico's Senate involve 2 methods. Ninety-six members are elected from the 32 federal entities through plurality elections where 2 senators are elected from the party obtaining the most number of votes in each federal entity and 1 senator is elected from the party obtaining the second most number of votes. The remaining 32 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system by a single national constituency. According to Article 87 of the General Law of Political Parties [2], parties may only form coalitions to participate in plurality elections. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/cpeum.htm [2] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Partidos Políticos," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgpp.htm | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 22 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures [1], Senate elections are held on the first Sunday of June every 6 years. The next election is expected to take place on 2 June 2030. [1] Cámara de Diputados, "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales," https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgipe.htm | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-mexico/ |
| Nicaragua - President | 1st Round: 7 November 2021 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 146 of the Constitution (1987) [2], the presidential election does not have a 2nd round. [1] Consejo Supremo Electoral, "Calendario Electoral Elecciones Generales 2021," https://www.cse.gob.ni/sites/default/files/documentos/calendario_electoral_elecciones_general_2021.pdf [2] Constitute Project, "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014?lang=en | Elected: José Daniel Ortega — Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) See Electoral Authority data here: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/3133c0d121ea3897062568a1005e0f89/edef4a42663944100625878f0061bd42?OpenDocument | According to Article 146 of the Constitution (1987) [1], Nicaragua's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Constitute Project, "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014?lang=en | Freedom House [1]: 0 V-Dem [2]: 1.04 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Nicaragua," https://freedomhouse.org/country/nicaragua/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 148 of the Constitution (1987) [1] and Article 3 of the Electoral Law [2], presidential elections are held on the 1st Sunday of November every 5 years. If the 1st Sunday falls on the 1st or 2nd day of November, the election is held on the 2nd Sunday of November. The next election is expected to take place on 8 November 2026. [1] Constitute Project, "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014 [2] Asamblea Nacional, "LEY DE REFORMA Y ADICIÓN A LA LEY Nº. 331, LEY ELECTORAL," http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/9e314815a08d4a6206257265005d21f9/4fca1b711015f9af062586ce00762351?OpenDocument | -- |
| Nicaragua - National Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 7 November 2021 [1] [1] Consejo Supremo Electoral, "Calendario Electoral Elecciones Generales 2021," https://www.cse.gob.ni/sites/default/files/documentos/calendario_electoral_elecciones_general_2021.pdf | Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional): 2,039,717 votes (74.17% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista): 259,789 votes (9.45% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance (Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense): 140,199 votes (5.10% of valid votes) Elections through a Proportional Representation System by Departmental Constituencies -- 1st place: Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional): 2,024,598 votes (73.29% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista): 411,101 votes (14.88% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance (Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense): 99,335 votes (3.60% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/3133c0d121ea3897062568a1005e0f89/edef4a42663944100625878f0061bd42?OpenDocument | According to Articles 140, 141, 146, and 147 of the Electoral Law [1], elections for Nicaragua's National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) involve 2 methods of voting. Twenty members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system by a national constituency. Seventy members are elected by a closed-list proportional representation system in departmental constituencies. [1] Asamblea Nacional, "LEY DE REFORMA Y ADICIÓN A LA LEY Nº. 331, LEY ELECTORAL," http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/9e314815a08d4a6206257265005d21f9/4fca1b711015f9af062586ce00762351?OpenDocument | Freedom House [1]: 0 V-Dem [2]: 1.04 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Nicaragua," https://freedomhouse.org/country/nicaragua/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 136 of the Constitution (1987) [1] and Article 3 of the Electoral Law [2], legislative elections are held on the 1st Sunday of November every 5 years. If the 1st Sunday falls on the 1st or 2nd day of November, the election is held on the 2nd Sunday of November. The next election is expected to take place on 8 November 2026. [1] Constitute Project, "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014 [2] Asamblea Nacional, "LEY DE REFORMA Y ADICIÓN A LA LEY Nº. 331, LEY ELECTORAL," http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/9e314815a08d4a6206257265005d21f9/4fca1b711015f9af062586ce00762351?OpenDocument | -- |
| Panama - President | 1st Round: 5 May 2024 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Articles 447 and 448 of the Electoral Code [2], presidential elections do not need a 2nd round if the leading candidates do not tie. [1] Tribunal Electoral, "Resultados de la Elección General en la web del TE", https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-de-la-eleccion-general-en-la-web-del-te/ [2] Tribunal Electoral, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/publicaciones/codigo-electoral/ | Elected: José Raúl Mulino Quintero — Alliance to Save Panama (Alianza para Salvar Panamá) See Electoral Authority data here; downloadable under the "Cuadros por Presidente" section in the "Estadísticas" tab: https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-elecciones-generales-2024/ | According to Articles 447 and 448 of the Electoral Code [1], Panama's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Tribunal Electoral, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/publicaciones/codigo-electoral/ | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 223 of the Electoral Code [1], presidential elections are held every 5 years on the 1st Sunday of May. The next election is expected to take place on 6 May 2029. [1] Tribunal Electoral, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/publicaciones/codigo-electoral/ | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-panama/ |
| Panama - National Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 5 May 2024 [1] [1] Tribunal Electoral, "Resultados de la Elección General en la web del TE", https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-de-la-eleccion-general-en-la-web-del-te/ | Elections in Single- or Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Realizing Goals (Realizando Metas): 367,378 votes (17.17% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Democratic Revolutionary Party (Partido Revoluionario Democrático): 347,692 votes (16.25% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Democratic Change (Cambio Democrático): 239,529 votes (11.19% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: downloadable under the "Cuadros por Diputados" section in the "Estadísticas" tab: https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-elecciones-generales-2024/ | According to Article 147 of the Constitution (1972) [1], members of Panama's National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) are elected in single- or multi-member districts, depending on the population size of the district. According to Articles 325, 326, and 327 of the Electoral Code [2], members are elected by plurality in single-member districts or through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts, respectively. [1] Constitute Project, "Panama 1972 (rev. 2004)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Panama_2004 [2] Tribunal Electoral, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/publicaciones/codigo-electoral/ | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 223 of the Electoral Code [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years on the 1st Sunday of May. The next election is expected to take place on 6 May 2029. [1] Tribunal Electoral, "CÓDIGO ELECTORAL," https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/publicaciones/codigo-electoral/ | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-panama/ |
| Paraguay - President | 1st Round: 30 April 2023 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 230 of the Constitution (1992) [2], the presidential election does not have a 2nd round. [1] Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, "Elecciones Generales 2023," https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales-2023.html [2] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011 | Elected: Santiago Peña Palacios — Colorado Party (Partido Colorado) See Electoral Authority data here; downloadable by clicking on "Resúmen Presidente y Vicepresidente 2023" on the landing page: https://tsje.gov.py/consulta_candidatos_electos_2023/ | According to Article 230 of the Constitution (1992) [1], Paraguay's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011 | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 2.92 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Panama," https://freedomhouse.org/country/paraguay/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 230 of the Constitution (1992) [1], presidential elections are held every 5 years, between 90 and 120 days prior to the end of their term on August 15th. The next election is expected to take place in 2028. [1] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011?lang=en | -- |
| Paraguay - Chamber of Deputies [Lower House] | 30 April 2023 [1] [1] Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, "Elecciones Generales 2023," https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales-2023.html | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in single-member district elections can be accessed via the source linked below. See Electoral Authority data here; downloadable by clicking on "Resúmen Diputados 2023" on the landing page: https://tsje.gov.py/consulta_candidatos_electos_2023/ | According to Articles 247 and 258 of the Electoral Code [1], members of Paraguay's Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso de la Nación, "Ley Nº 834 / ESTABLECE EL CODIGO ELECTORAL PARAGUAYO," https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 2.92 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Panama," https://freedomhouse.org/country/paraguay/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 187 of the Constitution (1992) [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years, between 90 and 120 days prior to the end of their term on August 15th. The next election is expected to take place in 2028. [1] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011?lang=en | -- |
| Paraguay - Senate [Upper House] | 30 April 2023 [1] [1] Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, "Elecciones Generales 2023," https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales-2023.html | Election through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Colorado Party (Partido Colorado): 1,319,617 votes (43.69% of votes) -- 2nd place: Alliance of Senators for the Fatherland (Alianza Senadores por la Patria) [COALITION]: 702,776 votes (23.27% of votes) -- 3rd place: National Crusade Party (Partido Cruzada Nacional): 331,945 votes (10.99% of votes) See Electoral Authority data here; downloadable by clicking on "Resúmen Senadores 2023" on the landing page: https://tsje.gov.py/consulta_candidatos_electos_2023/ | According to Article 223 of the Constitution (1992) [1] and Article 258 of the Electoral Code [2], members of Paraguay's Senate are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system by a national constituency. [1] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011?lang=en [2] Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso de la Nación, "Ley Nº 834 / ESTABLECE EL CODIGO ELECTORAL PARAGUAYO," https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 2.92 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Panama," https://freedomhouse.org/country/paraguay/freedom-world/2024 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 187 of the Constitution (1992) [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years, between 90 and 120 days prior to the end of their term on August 15th. The next election is expected to take place in 2028. [1] Constitute Project, "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011?lang=en | -- |
| Peru - President | 1st Round: 11 April 2021 [1] 2nd Round: 6 June 2021 [2] [1] Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, "2021 Elecciones Generales," https://www.onpe.gob.pe/elecciones/2021/EEGG/ [2] Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (Internet Archive - 14 June 2021), "ONPE informa cómo será segunda vuelta electoral," https://web.archive.org/web/20210614083154/https://www.onpe.gob.pe/sala-prensa/notas-prensa/onpe-informa-como-sera-segunda-vuelta-electoral/ | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Jose Pedro Castillo Terrones — Free Peru National Political Party (Partido Político Nacional Perú Libre), Keiko Sofia Fujimori Higuchi — Popular Force (Fuerza Popular) See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultadoshistorico.onpe.gob.pe/EG2021/ 2nd Round: Elected: Jose Pedro Castillo Terrones — Free Peru National Political Party (Partido Político Nacional Perú Libre) See Electoral Authority data here: https://resultadoshistorico.onpe.gob.pe/SEP2021/EleccionesPresidenciales/RePres/T | According to Article 111 of the Constitution (1993), Peru's president is elected in 2 rounds by direct popular vote by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Constitute Project, "Peru 1993 (rev. 2021)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Peru_2021 | Freedom House [1]: 3 V-Dem [2]: 3.65 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Peru," https://freedomhouse.org/country/peru/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 16 of the Organica Law of Elections [1], presidential elections are held every 5 years on the 2nd Sunday of April. The next election is expected to take place on 12 April 2026. [1] Gobierno de Perú, "Ley N.° 26859," https://www.gob.pe/institucion/congreso-de-la-republica/normas-legales/368389-26859 | -- |
| Peru - Congress [Unicameral Legislature] | 11 April 2021 [1] [1] Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, "2021 Elecciones Generales," https://www.onpe.gob.pe/elecciones/2021/EEGG/ | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Free Peru National Political Party (Partido Político Peru Libre): 1,724,303 votes (13.41% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Popular Force (Fuerza Popular): 1,457,640 votes (11.34%% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Popular Action (Acción Popular): 1,199,663 votes (9.33%% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here; to access the national-level results, select "Elecciones Congresales" and then "Resultados Generales por Organización Política": https://resultadoshistorico.onpe.gob.pe/EG2021/ | According to Article 21 of the Organica Law of Elections [1], members of Peru's Congress are elected through an open-list proportional representation system in multi-member districts. [1] Gobierno de Perú, "Ley N.° 26859," https://www.gob.pe/institucion/congreso-de-la-republica/normas-legales/368389-26859 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.65 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2023: Peru," https://freedomhouse.org/country/peru/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 16 of the Organica Law of Elections [1], legislative elections are held every 5 years on the 2nd Sunday of April. The next election is expected to take place on 12 April 2026. [1] Gobierno de Perú, "Ley N.° 26859," https://www.gob.pe/institucion/congreso-de-la-republica/normas-legales/368389-26859 | -- |
| Uruguay - President | 1st Round: 27 October 2024 [1] 2nd Round: 24 November 2024 [2] [1] Corte Electoral, "ELECCIONES NACIONALES: 27 de octubre 2019," https://eleccionesnacionales.corteelectoral.gub.uy/ [2] Corte Electoral, "SEGUNDA ELECCION 2024," https://segundaeleccion2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy | 1st Round: Progressed to 2nd round: Yamandu Orsí — Broad Front (Frente Amplio), Alvaro Delgado — National Party (Partido Nacional) See Electoral Authority data here: https://eleccionesnacionales2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy/resumenresultados.htm 2nd Round: Elected: Yamandu Orsí — Broad Front (Frente Amplio) https://segundaeleccion2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy | According to Article 151 of the Constitution (1966) [1], Uruguay's president is elected in 2 rounds by a single national constituency. In the event that the 1st place candidate obtains more than 50% of the valid votes during the 1st round election, they are immediately elected without the need for a 2nd round. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Uruguay," https://freedomhouse.org/country/uruguay/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced, according to Article 77 of the Constitution (1966) [1], presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of October every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place on 28 October 2029. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-uruguay/ |
| Uruguay - Chamber of Representatives [Lower House] | 27 October 2024 [1] [1] Corte Electoral, "ELECCIONES NACIONALES 2024," https://eleccionesnacionales2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy/resumenresultados.htm | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: Broad Front Party (Partido Frente Amplio): 1,040,450 votes (45.88% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Partido Nacional 643,802 votes (28.37% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Partido Colorado 385,285 votes (16.98% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://eleccionesnacionales2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy/resumenresultados.htm | According to Article 88 of the Constitution (1966) [1] and Law 7,912 [2], members of Uruguay's Chamber of Representatives (Cámara de Representantes) are elected through a proportional representation system of double simultaneous vote allocated according to the number of votes of each lema (coalition/party) at the national level in multi-member districts by department. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 [2] Centro de Información Oficial, "Ley N° 7912," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/7912-1925 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Uruguay," https://freedomhouse.org/country/uruguay/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced, according to Article 77 of the Constitution (1966) [1], presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of October every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place on 28 October 2029. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-uruguay/ |
| Uruguay - Senate [Upper House] | 27 October 2024 [1] [1] Corte Electoral, "ELECCIONES NACIONALES 2024," https://eleccionesnacionales2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy/resumenresultados.htm | Elections through a Proportional Representation System by National Constituency -- 1st place: Broad Front Party (Partido Frente Amplio): 1,040,450 votes (45.88% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Partido Nacional 643,802 votes (28.37% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Partido Colorado 385,285 votes (16.98% of valid votes) See Electoral Authority data here: https://eleccionesnacionales2024.corteelectoral.gub.uy/resumenresultados.htm | According to Article 95 of the Constitution (1966) [1] and Law 7,912 [2], members of Uruguay's Senate are elected through a proportional representation system of double simultaneous vote by a national constituency. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 [2] Centro de Información Oficial, "Ley N° 7912," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/7912-1925 | Freedom House [1]: 4 V-Dem [2]: 3.9 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2024: Uruguay," https://freedomhouse.org/country/uruguay/freedom-world/2023 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced, according to Article 77 of the Constitution (1966) [1], presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of October every 5 years. The next election is expected to take place on 28 October 2029. [1] Centro de Información Oficial, "CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA," https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/constitucion/1967-1967 | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-uruguay/ |
| Venezuela - President | 1st Round: 28 July 2024 [1] 2nd Round: Not applicable: according to Article 7 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes [2], the presidential election does not have a 2nd round. [1] El País, "Elecciones en Venezuela 2024: cómo votar y lo que hay que saber", https://elpais.com/america/2024-07-28/elecciones-en-venezuela-2024-como-votar-y-lo-que-hay-que-saber.html [2] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "LEY ORGÁNICA DE PROCESOS ELECTORALES," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3gre2cdgar3sz0tfqmb34/Venezuela_ECO_Ley-Org-nica-de-Procesos-Electorales_2009_20240916.pdf?rlkey=f19fkp1geo2fmgeuc35ljl7wz&e=1&st=c1hd1b4s&dl=0 | Not available. | According to Article 7 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes [1], Venezuela's president is elected by plurality by a single national constituency. [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "LEY ORGÁNICA DE PROCESOS ELECTORALES," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3gre2cdgar3sz0tfqmb34/Venezuela_ECO_Ley-Org-nica-de-Procesos-Electorales_2009_20240916.pdf?rlkey=f19fkp1geo2fmgeuc35ljl7wz&e=1&st=c1hd1b4s&dl=0 | Freedom House: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. However, please refer to the following statement published by the organization immediately after the election: https://freedomhouse.org/article/venezuela-freedom-house-condemns-maduro-regimes-efforts-manipulate-election-increasing V-Dem: Not available, awaiting publication of updated metrics. | Not yet announced: according to Article 230 of the Constitution (1999) [1], the president serves six-year terms. The next election is expected to take place in 2030. [1] Constitute Project, "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Venezuela_2009?lang=en | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-venezuela/ |
| Venezuela - National Assembly [Unicameral Legislature] | 6 December 2020 [1] [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral (Internet Archive - 7 May 2024), "Con éxito arrancó la fiesta electoral," https://web.archive.org/web/20240507213650/http://www.cne.gov.ve/web/sala_prensa/noticia_detallada.php?id=3892 | Elections through a Proportional Representation System in Multi-Member Districts or by National Constituency -- 1st place: United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela): 3,910,197 votes (62.43% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Democratic Action (Acción Democrática): 433,334 votes (6.92% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Hope for Change (Esperanza por el Cambio): 284,315 votes (4.54% of valid votes) Plurality Elections in Multi-Member Districts -- 1st place: United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela): 6,780,121 votes (61.69% of valid votes) -- 2nd place: Democratic Action (Acción Democrática): 785,443 votes (7.15% of valid votes) -- 3rd place: Hope for Change (Esperanza por el Cambio): 537,428 votes (4.89% of valid votes) Plurality Elections in Indigenous Constituencies -- National-level results are not available. Disaggregated figures for parties and coalitions' performance in indigenous constituencies can be found on page 195 of the electoral authority data linked below. See Electoral Authority data here: https://web.archive.org/web/20211001201219/http://www.cne.gob.ve/web/gacetas_electorales/gacetas/2021/GEE_40.pdf | According to Article 8 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes [1], elections for Venezuela's National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) involve 2 methods of voting: through a proportional representation system and by plurality. According to the Special Rules For Elections to the National Assembly Period 2021-2026 [2], 144 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system: 96 of them are elected in multi-member districts and 48 of them are elected by a national constituency based on parties' votes received in all the districts. Of the remaining 133 members, 130 are elected by plurality in multi-member districts and 3 are elected by plurality from indigenous constituencies. [1] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "LEY ORGÁNICA DE PROCESOS ELECTORALES," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3gre2cdgar3sz0tfqmb34/Venezuela_ECO_Ley-Org-nica-de-Procesos-Electorales_2009_20240916.pdf?rlkey=f19fkp1geo2fmgeuc35ljl7wz&e=1&st=c1hd1b4s&dl=0 [2] Consejo Nacional Electoral, "CONSEJO NACIONAL ELECTORAL RESOLUCIÓN Nº 200630-0015," https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/n32mu84tfgofaq7819oem/Venezuela_ECO_Resoluci-n-200630-0015_2020_202409016.pdf?rlkey=fcuo83knd8j6tvulb9oq8uvzh&e=1&st=y3a836mp&dl=0 | Freedom House [1]: 0 V-Dem [2]: 0.37 [1] Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2022: Venezuela," https://freedomhouse.org/country/venezuela/freedom-world/2022 [2] Varieties of Democracy, "The V-Dem Dataset," https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | Not yet announced: according to Article 192 of the Constitution (1999) [1], members of the National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) serve five-year terms. The next election is expected to take place in 2025. [1] Constitute Project, "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009)," https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Venezuela_2009?lang=en | https://sigla.georgetown.domains/gateway/eco-venezuela/ |